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VTM48ET096M025A00

型号：

VTM48ET096M025A00

品牌：

VICOR[ VICOR CORPORATION ]

页数：

19 页

PDF大小：

811 K

下载PDF手册
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
S
C
NRTL US  
High Efficiency Sine Amplitude Converter™  
Features & Benefits  
Product Ratings  
• 48VDC to 9.6VDC 25A current multiplier  
VIN = 26 to 55V  
IOUT = 25A (nom)  
K = 1/5  
nꢀOperating from standard 48V or 24V PRM™ Regulators  
VOUT = 5.2 to 11.0V (no load)  
• High efficiency (>95%) reduces system power  
consumption  
Description  
• High density (85A/in3)  
The VI Chip® current multiplier is a high efficiency (>95%)  
Sine Amplitude Converter™ (SAC) operating from a  
26 to 55VDC primary bus to deliver an isolated output. The  
Sine Amplitude Converter offers a low AC impedance beyond  
the bandwidth of most downstream regulators; therefore  
capacitance normally at the load can be located at the input  
to the Sine Amplitude Converter. Since the K factor of the  
VTM48EF096T025A00 is 1/5, the capacitance value can be  
reduced by a factor of 25, resulting in savings of board area,  
materials and total system cost.  
• “Full Chip” VI Chip® package enables surface mount,  
low impedance interconnect to system board  
• Contains built-in protection features against:  
nꢀOvervoltage Lockout  
nꢀOvercurrent  
nꢀShort Circuit  
nꢀOvertemperature  
• Provides enable / disable control,  
internal temperature monitoring  
The VTM48EF096T025A00 is provided in a VI Chip package  
compatible with standard pick-and-place and surface mount  
assembly processes. The co-molded VI Chip package provides  
enhanced thermal management due to a large thermal interface  
area and superior thermal conductivity. The high conversion  
efficiency of the VTM48EF096T025A00 increases overall system  
efficiency and lowers operating costs compared to conventional  
approaches.  
• ZVS / ZCS resonant Sine Amplitude Converter topology  
• Less than 50ºC temperature rise at full load  
in typical applications  
Typical Applications  
The VTM48EF096T025A00 enables the utilization of Factorized  
Power Architecture™ which provides efficiency and size benefits  
by lowering conversion and distribution losses and promoting  
high density point of load conversion.  
• High End Computing Systems  
• Automated Test Equipment  
• High Density Power Supplies  
• Communications Systems  
Part Numbering  
Product Number  
Package Style (x)  
Product Grade (y)  
F = J-Lead  
T = -40° to 125°C  
M = -55° to 125°C  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
T = Through hole  
For Storage and Operating Temperatures see General Characteristics Section  
Typical Application  
Regulator  
Voltage Transformer  
VC  
TM  
VC  
PC  
PR  
SG  
OS  
CD  
PC  
TM  
IL  
L
(See Application Note AN:024)  
™
™
VTM  
PRM  
Regulator  
O
Transformer  
A
D
+OUT  
+OUT  
+IN  
+IN  
VIN  
-OUT  
-OUT  
-IN  
-IN  
Factorized Power ArchitectureTM  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 1 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Absolute Maximum Ratings  
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.  
Parameter  
Comments  
Min  
Max  
Unit  
+IN to –IN  
-1.0  
60  
VDC  
PC to –IN  
TM to –IN  
-0.3  
20  
7
VDC  
VDC  
-0.3  
-0.3  
VC to –IN  
20  
2550  
16  
VDC  
VDC  
VDC  
+IN / –IN to +OUT / –OUT (hipot)  
+OUT to –OUT  
-1.0  
Electrical Specifications  
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of  
-40°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.  
Attribute  
Symbol  
Conditions / Notes  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Powertrain  
No external VC applied  
26  
0
55  
55  
1
Input voltage range  
VIN  
VDC  
VC applied  
VIN slew rate  
dVIN / dt  
VIN_UV  
V / µs  
V
Module latched shutdown, No external VC applied,  
IOUT = 25A  
VIN UV turn off  
24  
26  
VIN = 48V  
3.5  
11.0  
11.5  
6
VIN = 26V to 55V  
VIN = 48V, TC = 25ºC  
VIN = 26V to 55V  
No Load power dissipation  
Inrush current peak  
PNL  
W
A
4.5  
12  
7.5  
VC enable, VIN = 48V, COUT = 1600µF,  
RLOAD = 376mΩ  
IINRP  
19  
DC input current  
IIN_DC  
K
5.3  
A
V / V  
V
Transfer ratio  
K = VOUT / VIN, IOUT = 0A  
1/5  
Output voltage  
VOUT  
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • ROUT  
Output current (average)  
Output current (peak)  
Output power (average)  
IOUT_AVG  
IOUT_PK  
POUT_AVG  
25  
A
TPEAK < 10ms, IOUT_AVG ≤ 25A  
37.5  
240  
A
IOUT_AVG ≤ 25A  
W
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A  
94.5  
92.0  
93.0  
95.0  
82.0  
95.8  
hAMB  
Efficiency (ambient)  
VIN = 26V to 55V, IOUT = 25A  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 12.5A  
%
94.9  
95.8  
hHOT  
h20%  
T
Efficiency (hot)  
%
%
VIN = 48V, C = 100°C, IOUT = 25A  
Efficiency (over load range)  
5A < IOUT < 25A  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 2 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Electrical Specifications (Cont.)  
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of  
-40°C < TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.  
Attribute  
Symbol  
Conditions / Notes  
Powertrain (Cont.)  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Output resistance (cold)  
Output resistance (ambient)  
Output resistance (hot)  
ROUT_COLD  
ROUT_AMB  
ROUT_HOT  
FSW  
TC = -40°C, IOUT = 25A  
3.5  
5
5.4  
7.8  
10.0  
12.0  
14.0  
1.60  
3.20  
250  
mΩ  
mΩ  
mΩ  
MHz  
MHz  
mV  
pH  
TC = 25°C, IOUT = 25A  
TC = 100°C, IOUT = 25A  
6.5  
1.50  
3.00  
9.2  
Switching frequency  
1.55  
3.10  
200  
600  
45  
Output ripple frequency  
Output voltage ripple  
FSW_RP  
Cout = 0F, Iout = 25A, Vin = 48V, 20MHz BW,  
Frequency up to 30MHz, Simulated J-lead model  
VOUT_PP  
LOUT_PAR  
COUT_INT  
COUT_EXT  
Output inductance (parasitic)  
Output capacitance (internal)  
Output capacitance (external)  
Effective Value at 9.6Vout  
µF  
VTM Standalone Operation. Vin pre-applied, VC enable  
1600  
µF  
Protection  
Overvoltage lockout  
VIN_OVLO+  
tOVLO  
Module latched shutdown  
55.1  
58.5  
8
60.0  
V
Overvoltage lockout response  
time constant  
Effective internal RC filter  
µs  
Output overcurrent trip  
IOCP  
ISCP  
30  
39.2  
55  
A
A
Short circuit protection trip current  
48  
Output overcurrent response  
time constant  
tOCP  
Effective internal RC filter (Integrative)  
3.8  
ms  
of switching  
Short circuit protection  
response time  
From detection to cessation  
(Instantaneous)  
tSCP  
1
µs  
Thermal shutdown setpoint  
TJ_OTP  
125  
130  
135  
°C  
Reverse inrush current protection  
Reverse Inrush protection is enabled for this product  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 3 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Signal Characteristics  
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of  
-40°C ≤ TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.  
VTM Control : VC  
• Used to wake up powertrain circuit.  
• A minimum of 11.5V must be applied indefinitely for Vin < 26V to ensure normal operation.  
• VC slew rate must be within range for a successful start.  
• PRM™ module VC can be used as valid wake-up signal source.  
• Internal Resistance used in “Adaptive Loop” compensation.  
• VC voltage may be continuously applied.  
Signal Type  
State  
Attribute  
Symbol  
Conditions / notes  
Min  
Typ  
Max Unit  
Required for start up, and operation  
below 26V.  
External VC voltage  
VVC_EXT  
11.5  
16.5  
150  
V
VC = 11.5V, VIN = 0V  
VC = 11.5V, VIN > 26V  
VC = 16.5V, VIN > 26V  
Fault mode. VC > 11.5V  
125  
0
VC current draw  
IVC  
mA  
0
Steady  
60  
VC internal diode rating  
VC internal resistor  
DVC_INT  
RVC-INT  
100  
0.56  
V
kΩ  
ANALOG  
INPUT  
VC internal resistor  
temperature coefficient  
TVC_COEFF  
900 ppm/°C  
VC start up pulse  
VC slew rate  
VVC_SP  
dVC/dt  
IINR_VC  
tPEAK < 18ms  
20  
V
Start Up  
Required for proper start up  
VC = 16.5V, dVC/dt = 0.25V/µs  
0.02  
0.25 V / µs  
VC inrush current  
1
A
VIN pre-applied, PC floating,  
VC enable, CPC = 0µF  
VC to VOUT turn-on delay  
tON  
500  
µs  
Transitional  
VC = 11.5V to PC high, VIN = 0V,  
dVC/dt = 0.25V/µs  
VC to PC delay  
tVC_PC  
75  
125  
µs  
µF  
Internal VC capacitance  
CVC_INT  
VC = 0V  
3.2  
PRIMARY CONTROL : PC  
• The PC pin enables and disables the VTM module. When held below 2V, the VTM module will be disabled.  
• PC pin outputs 5V during normal operation. PC pin is equal to 2.5V during fault mode given Vin > 26V or VC > 11.5V.  
• After successful start up and under no fault condition, PC can be used as a 5V regulated voltage source with a 2mA maximum current.  
• Module will shutdown when pulled low with an impedance less than 400Ω.  
• In an array of VTM modules, connect PC pin to synchronize start up.  
• PC pin cannot sink current and will not disable other modules during fault mode.  
Signal Type  
State  
Attribute  
PC voltage  
Symbol  
VPC  
Conditions / notes  
Min  
4.7  
Typ  
Max Unit  
5.0  
5.3  
2
V
mA  
kΩ  
µA  
pF  
kΩ  
V
PC source current  
Steady  
IPC_OP  
PC resistance (internal)  
PC source current  
RPC_INT  
IPC_EN  
CPC_INT  
RPC_S  
Internal pull down resistor  
50  
50  
150  
100  
400  
300  
1000  
ANALOG  
OUTPUT  
PC capacitance (internal)  
PC resistance (external)  
PC voltage  
Start Up  
60  
2
Enable  
Disable  
VPC_EN  
VPC_DIS  
IPC_PD  
2.5  
3
2
PC voltage (disable)  
PC pull down current  
PC disable time  
V
DIGITAL  
INPUT /  
OUTPUT  
5.1  
mA  
µs  
tPC_DIS_T  
tFR_PC  
5
Transitional  
PC fault response time  
From fault to PC = 2V  
100  
µs  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 4 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Signal Characteristics  
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of  
-40°C ≤ TJ < 125°C (T-Grade); All other specifications are at TJ = 25ºC unless otherwise noted.  
TEMPERATURE MONITOR : TM  
• The TM pin monitors the internal temperature of the VTM controller IC within an accuracy of 5°C.  
• Can be used as a “Power Good” flag to verify that the VTM module is operating.  
• The TM pin has a room temperature setpoint of 3V and approximate gain of 10mV/°C.  
• Output drives Temperature Shutdown comparator.  
Signal Type  
State  
Attribute  
TM voltage  
Symbol  
VTM_AMB  
ITM  
Conditions / notes  
TJ controller = 27°C  
Min  
Typ  
Max Unit  
2.95  
3.00  
3.05  
V
µA  
TM source current  
TM gain  
100  
ANALOG  
OUTPUT  
Steady  
ATM  
10  
120  
0
mV/°C  
mV  
V
TM voltage ripple  
TM voltage  
VTM_PP  
VTM_DIS  
RTM_INT  
CTM_EXT  
tFR_TM  
CTM = 0F, VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A  
Internal pull down resistor  
From fault to TM = 1.5V  
200  
Disable  
DIGITAL  
OUTPUT  
TM resistance (internal)  
TM capacitance (external)  
TM fault response time  
25  
40  
50  
50  
kΩ  
pF  
Transitional  
(FAULT FLAG)  
10  
µs  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 5 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Timing Diagram  
6
7
ISEC  
ISEC  
ISEC  
8
d
1
2
3
4
5
VC  
b
VVC-EXT  
a
VOVLO  
VPRI  
NL  
≥ 26V  
c
e
f
VSEC  
TM  
VTM-AMB  
PC  
g
5V  
3V  
a: VC slew rate (dVC/dt)  
b: Minimum VC pulse rate  
c: tOVLO_PIN  
1. Initiated VC pulse  
2. Controller start  
3. VPRI ramp up  
4. VPRI = VOVLO  
Notes:  
– Timing and voltage is not to scale  
– Error pulse width is load dependent  
d: tOCP_SEC  
e: Secondary turn on delay (TON  
)
5. VPRI ramp down no VC pulse  
6. Overcurrent, Secondary  
7. Start up on short circuit  
8. PC driven low  
f: PC disable time (tPC_DIS_T  
)
g: VC to PC delay (tVC_PC  
)
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 6 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
Application Characteristics  
The following values, typical of an application environment, are collected at TC = 25ºC unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.  
Attribute  
Symbol  
Conditions / Notes  
Typ  
Unit  
Powertrain  
VIN = 48V, PC enabled  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A  
No load power dissipation  
Efficiency (ambient)  
PNL  
4.0  
96.2  
96.1  
6.7  
W
%
hAMB  
Efficiency (hot)  
hHOT  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A, TC = 100ºC  
%
Output resistance (cold)  
Output resistance (ambient)  
Output resistance (hot)  
Output voltage ripple  
VOUT transient (positive)  
VOUT transient (negative)  
ROUT_COLD  
ROUT_AMB  
ROUT_HOT  
VOUT_PP  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A, TC = -40ºC  
mΩ  
mΩ  
mΩ  
mV  
mV  
mV  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A  
8.7  
VIN = 48V, IOUT = 25A, TC = 100ºC  
10.0  
132  
200  
250  
COUT = 0F, IOUT = 25A, VIN = 48V, 20MHz BW  
IOUT_STEP = 0A TO 25A, VIN = 48V, ISLEW = 19A/µs  
IOUT_STEP = 25A to 0A, VIN = 48V, ISLEW = 85A/us  
VOUT_TRAN+  
VOUT_TRAN-  
98  
96  
94  
92  
11  
10  
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
-40  
-20  
0
20  
Case Temperature (C)  
26V 48V  
40  
60  
80  
100  
26  
29  
32  
35  
38  
Input Voltage (V)  
-40°C 25°C  
41  
43  
46  
49  
52  
55  
VIN:  
55V  
TCASE  
:
100°C  
Figure 2 — Full load efficiency vs. temperature  
Figure 1 — No load power dissipation vs. Vin  
96  
92  
88  
84  
80  
76  
72  
68  
64  
60  
32  
28  
24  
20  
16  
12  
8
4
0
0
2.5  
5
7.5  
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
0
2.5  
5
7.5  
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
Load Current (A)  
Load Current (A)  
26V  
48V  
55V  
26V  
48V  
55V  
VIN:  
VIN:  
Figure 3 — Efficiency at –40°C  
Figure 4 — Power dissipation at –40°C  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 7 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
98  
95  
92  
89  
21  
18  
15  
12  
86  
83  
80  
77  
74  
9
6
3
0
0
2.5  
5
7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
0
2.5  
5
7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
Load Current (A)  
Load Current (A)  
26V  
48V  
55V  
26V  
48V  
55V  
VIN:  
VIN:  
Figure 5 — Efficiency at 25°C  
Figure 6 — Power dissipation at 25°C  
98  
96  
94  
92  
90  
88  
86  
84  
82  
24  
21  
18  
15  
12  
9
6
3
0
0
2.5  
5
7.5  
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
0
2.5  
5
7.5  
10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25  
Load Current (A)  
Load Current (A)  
26V  
48V  
55V  
26V  
48V  
55V  
VIN:  
VIN:  
Figure 7 — Efficiency at 100°C  
Figure 8 — Power dissipation at 100°C  
175  
11.0  
10.0  
9.0  
150  
125  
100  
75  
8.0  
7.0  
6.0  
50  
25  
5.0  
4.0  
0
3
5
8
10  
13  
15  
18  
20  
23  
25  
-40  
-20  
0
20  
40  
60  
80  
100  
Load Current (A)  
Case Temperature (ºC)  
VIN:  
26V  
48V  
55V  
Full Load  
Figure 9 — Rout vs. temperature  
Figure 10 — Vripple vs. Iout ; No external Cout. Board mounted  
module, scope setting : 20MHz analog BW  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 8 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
60  
50  
40  
30  
20  
10  
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12  
Output Voltage (V)  
Continuous  
10ms Max  
Figure 11 — Safe operating area  
Figure 12 — Full load ripple, 100µF Cin; No external Cout. Board  
mounted module, scope setting : 20MHz analog BW  
Figure 14 — Start up from application of VC;  
Figure 13 — Start up from application of Vin;  
Vin pre-applied Cout = 1600µF  
VC pre-applied Cout = 1600µF  
Figure 15 — 0A – Full load transient response:  
Figure 16 — Full load – 0A transient response:  
Cin = 100µF, no external Cout  
Cin = 100µF, no external Cout  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 9 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
VTM48Ex096y025A00  
General Characteristics  
Specifications apply over all line and load conditions unless otherwise noted; Boldface specifications apply over the temperature range of  
-40ºC < TJ < 125 ºC (T-Grade); All Other specifications are at TJ = 25°C unless otherwise noted.  
Attribute  
Symbol  
Conditions / Notes  
Mechanical  
Min  
Typ  
Max  
Unit  
Length  
Width  
L
W
H
32.25 / [1.270] 32.5 / [1.280] 32.75 / [1.289] mm / [in]  
21.75 / [0.856] 22.0 / [0.866] 22.25 / [0.876] mm / [in]  
6.48 / [0.255] 6.73 / [0.265] 6.98 / [0.275] mm / [in]  
Height  
Volume  
Weight  
Vol  
W
No heat sink  
4.81 / [0.294]  
15.0 / [0.53]  
cm3 / [in3]  
g / [oz]  
Nickel  
0.51  
0.02  
2.03  
0.15  
Lead Finish  
Palladium  
Gold  
µm  
°C  
0.003  
0.051  
Thermal  
-40  
-55  
-40  
-55  
125  
125  
125  
125  
VTM48EF096T025A00 (T-Grade)  
VTM48EF096M025A00 (M-Grade)  
VTM48ET096T025A00 (T-Grade)  
VTM48ET096M025A00 (M-Grade)  
Operating temperature  
TJ  
Isothermal heatsink and isothermal  
internal PCB  
Thermal resistance  
Thermal capacity  
fJC  
1
5
°C / W  
Ws / °C  
Assembly  
6
lbs  
Peak compressive force  
applied to case (Z-axis)  
Supported by J-Lead only  
5.41  
125  
125  
125  
125  
lbs / in2  
-40  
-65  
-40  
-65  
VTM48EF096T025A00 (T-Grade)  
VTM48EF096M025A00 (M-Grade)  
VTM48ET096T027500 (T-Grade)  
VTM48ET096M025A00 (M-Grade)  
Storage temperature  
ESD withstand  
TST  
°C  
Human Body Model,  
“JEDEC JESD 22-A114-F”  
ESDHBM  
ESDCDM  
1000  
400  
VDC  
Charge Device Model,  
“JEDEC JESD 22-C101-D”  
Soldering  
Peak temperature during reflow  
Peak time above 217°C  
MSL 4  
245  
90  
3
°C  
s
60  
1.5  
1.5  
Peak heating rate during reflow  
Peak cooling rate post reflow  
°C / s  
°C / s  
6
Safety  
Isolation voltage (hipot)  
Isolation capacitance  
Isolation resistance  
VHIPOT  
CIN_OUT  
RIN_OUT  
2250  
2500  
10  
VDC  
pF  
Unpowered unit  
3200  
3800  
MΩ  
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count;  
25ºC Ground Benign, Stationary,  
Indoors / Computer Profile  
3.5  
5.5  
MHrs  
MHrs  
MTBF  
Telcordia Issue 2 - Method I Case 1;  
Ground Benign, Controlled  
cTUVus  
Agency approvals / standards  
CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 10 of 19  
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Using the control signals VC, PC, TM, IM  
Start Up Behavior  
The VTM Control (VC) pin is an input pin which powers the  
internal VCC circuitry when within the specified voltage range of  
11.5V to 16.5V. This voltage is required for VTM current multiplier  
start up and must be applied as long as the input is below 26V.  
In order to ensure a proper start, the slew rate of the applied  
voltage must be within the specified range.  
Depending on the sequencing of the VC with respect to the input  
voltage, the behavior during start up will vary as follows:  
nꢀNormal operation (VC applied prior to VIN): In this case the  
controller is active prior to ramping the input. When the  
input voltage is applied, the VTM module output voltage will  
track the input (See Figure 13). The inrush current is  
determined by the input voltage rate of rise and output  
capacitance. If the VC voltage is removed prior to the input  
reaching 26V, the VTM may shut down.  
Some additional notes on the using the VC pin:  
nꢀIn most applications, the VTM module will be powered by  
an upstream PRM™ regulator which provides a 10ms VC  
pulse during start up. In these applications the VC pins of  
the PRM regulator and VTM current multiplier should be  
tied together.  
nꢀStand-alone operation (VC applied after VIN): In this case the  
VTM output will begin to rise upon the application of the  
VC voltage (See Figure 14). The Adaptive Soft Start Circuit  
may vary the output rate of rise in order to limit the  
inrush current to its maximum level. When starting into high  
capacitance, or a short, the output current will be limited for  
a maximum of 1200µs. After this period, the Adaptive Soft  
Start Circuit will time out and the VTM module may shut  
down. No restart will be attempted until VC is re-applied or PC  
is toggled. The maximum output capacitance is limited to  
1600µF in this mode of operation to ensure a sucessful start.  
nꢀThe VC voltage can be applied indefinitely allowing for  
continuous operation down to 0VIN.  
nꢀThe fault response of the VTM module is latching. A positive  
edge on VC is required in order to restart the unit. If VC is  
continuously applied the PC pin may be toggled to restart  
the VTM module.  
Primary Control (PC) pin can be used to accomplish the  
following functions:  
Thermal Considerations  
nꢀDelayed start: Upon the application of VC, the PC pin will  
source a constant 100µA current to the internal RC  
network. Adding an external capacitor will allow further  
delay in reaching the 2.5V threshold for module start.  
VI Chip® products are multi-chip modules whose temperature  
distribution varies greatly for each part number as well as with the  
input/output conditions, thermal management and environmental  
conditions. Maintaining the top of the VTM48EF096T025A00  
case to less than 100ºC will keep all junctions within the VI Chip  
module below 125ºC for most applications.  
nꢀAuxiliary voltage source: Once enabled in regular  
operational conditions (no fault), each VTM PC provides a  
regulated 5V, 2mA voltage source.  
The percent of total heat dissipated through the top surface  
versus through the J-lead is entirely dependent on the particular  
mechanical and thermal environment. The heat dissipated  
through the top surface is typically 60%. The heat  
nꢀOutput disable: PC pin can be actively pulled down in order  
to disable the module. Pull down impedance shall be lower  
than 400Ω.  
dissipated through the J-lead onto the PCB board surface is  
typically 40%. Use 100% top surface dissipation when designing  
for a conservative cooling solution.  
nꢀFault detection flag: The PC 5V voltage source is internally  
turned off as soon as a fault is detected. It is important to  
notice that PC doesn’t have current sink capability. Therefore,  
in an array, PC line will not be capable of disabling  
neighboring modules if a fault is detected.  
It is not recommended to use a VI Chip module for an extended  
period of time at full load without proper heat sinking.  
nꢀFault reset: PC may be toggled to restart the unit if VC  
is continuously applied.  
Temperature Monitor (TM) pin provides a voltage proportional  
to the absolute temperature of the converter control IC.  
It can be used to accomplish the following functions:  
nꢀMonitor the control IC temperature: The temperature in  
Kelvin is equal to the voltage on the TM pin scaled  
by 100. (i.e. 3.0V = 300K = 27ºC). If a heat sink is applied,  
TM can be used to thermally protect the system.  
nꢀFault detection flag: The TM voltage source is internally  
turned off as soon as a fault is detected. For system  
monitoring purposes (microcontroller interface) faults are  
detected on falling edges of TM signal.  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 11 of 19  
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Sine Amplitude Converter™ Point of Load Conversion  
The Sine Amplitude Converter (SAC) uses a high frequency  
resonant tank to move energy from input to output. (The  
resonant tank is formed by Cr and leakage inductance Lr in the  
power transformer windings.) The resonant LC tank, operated at  
high frequency, is amplitude modulated as a function of input  
voltage and output current. A small amount of capacitance  
embedded in the input and output stages of the module is  
sufficient for full functionality and is key to achieving power  
density.  
The VTM48EF096T025A00 SAC can be simplified into the  
following model:  
943pH  
ROUT  
IOUT
LIN = 5.8nH  
LOUT = 600pH  
7.8mΩ  
+
+
R
7.6µΩ  
RC  
R
OUT
RC  
0.5Ω  
IN  
0.57mΩ  
V•I  
K
1/5 • IOUT  
1/5 • VIN  
CIN  
2µF  
COUT  
+
–
+
–
45µF  
IQ  
VOUT  
VIN  
94mA
–
–
Figure 17 — VI Chip® module AC model  
At no load:  
The use of DC voltage transformation provides additional  
interesting attributes. Assuming that ROUT = 0Ω and Iq = 0A,  
Eq. (3) now becomes Eq. (1) and is essentially load independent,  
resistor R is now placed in series with VIN as shown in Figure 18.  
(1)  
VOUT = VIN • K  
K represents the “turns ratio” of the SAC.  
Rearranging Eq (1):  
R  
SAC™  
VOUT  
VOUT  
+
–
K = 1/32  
(2)  
K =  
VIN  
V
IN  
In the presence of load, VOUT is represented by:  
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • ROUT  
and IOUT is represented by:  
IIN – IQ  
(3)  
Figure 18 — K = 1/32 Sine Amplitude Converter™  
with series input resistor  
The relationship between VIN and VOUT becomes:  
(4)  
IOUT  
=
(5)  
VOUT = V – I • R • K  
K
(
)
IN  
IN  
ROUT represents the impedance of the SAC, and is a function of  
the RDSON of the input and output MOSFETs and the winding  
resistance of the power transformer. IQ represents the quiescent  
current of the SAC control and gate drive circuitry.  
Substituting the simplified version of Eq. (4)  
(IQ is assumed = 0A) into Eq. (5) yields:  
2
(6)  
VOUT = VIN • K – IOUT • R • K  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
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This is similar in form to Eq. (3), where ROUT is used to represent  
the characteristic impedance of the SAC™. However, in this case  
a real R on the input side of the SAC is effectively scaled by K2  
with respect to the output.  
Low impedance is a key requirement for powering a high-  
current, low voltage load efficiently. A switching regulation stage  
should have minimal impedance while simultaneously providing  
appropriate filtering for any switched current. The use of a SAC  
between the regulation stage and the point of load provides a  
dual benefit of scaling down series impedance leading back to  
the source and scaling up shunt capacitance or energy storage  
as a function of its K factor squared. However, the benefits are  
not useful if the series impedance of the SAC is too high. The  
impedance of the SAC must be low, i.e. well beyond the crossover  
frequency of the system.  
Assuming that R = 1Ω, the effective R as seen from the secondary  
side is 0.98mΩ, with K = 1/32 as shown in Figure 15.  
A similar exercise should be performed with the additon of a  
capacitor or shunt impedance at the input to the SAC. A switch in  
series with VIN is added to the circuit. This is depicted in Figure 19.  
A solution for keeping the impedance of the SAC low involves  
switching at a high frequency. This enables small magnetic  
components because magnetizing currents remain low. Small  
magnetics mean small path lengths for turns. Use of low loss core  
material at high frequencies also reduces core losses.  
S
S
SAC™  
Vout  
+
–
K = 1/32  
C
V
in  
The two main terms of power loss in the VTM module are:  
nꢀNo load power dissipation (PNL): defined as the power  
used to power up the module with an enabled powertrain  
at no load.  
Figure 19 — Sine Amplitude Converter™ with input capacitor  
nꢀResistive loss (ROUT): refers to the power loss across  
the VTM modeled as pure resistive impedance.  
A change in VIN with the switch closed would result in a change in  
capacitor current according to the following equation:  
(10)  
PDISSIPATED = PNL + PR  
OUT  
dVIN  
Therefore,  
(7)  
IC (t) = C  
dt  
(11)  
POUT = PIN – PDISSIPATED = PIN – PNL – PR  
OUT  
Assume that with the capacitor charged to VIN, the switch is  
opened and the capacitor is discharged through the idealized  
SAC. In this case,  
The above relations can be combined to calculate the overall  
module efficiency:  
(8)  
IC = IOUT • K  
POUT  
PIN  
PIN – PNL – PR  
PIN  
OUT  
(12)  
η =  
=
Substituting Eq. (1) and (8) into Eq. (7) reveals:  
C
dVOUT  
dt  
2
(9)  
IOUT  
=
V • I – P – I  
• ROUT  
•
(
)
IN  
IN  
NL  
OUT  
K2  
=
=
PIN  
The equation in terms of the output has yielded a K2 scaling  
factor for C, specified in the denominator of the equation.  
A K factor less than unity, results in an effectively larger  
capacitance on the output when expressed in terms of the input.  
With a K = 1/32 as shown in Figure 19, C = 1µF would appear as  
C = 1024µF when viewed from the output.  
2
P + I  
• ROUT  
(
)
NL  
OUT  
1 –  
( )  
VIN • IIN  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 13 of 19  
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Input and Output Filter Design  
Capacitive Filtering Considerations  
for a Sine Amplitude Converter™  
A major advantage of a SAC system versus a conventional PWM  
converter is that the former does not require large functional  
filters. The resonant LC tank, operated at extreme high frequency,  
is amplitude modulated as a function of input voltage and output  
current and efficiently transfers charge through the isolation  
transformer. A small amount of capacitance embedded in the  
input and output stages of the module is sufficient for full  
functionality and is key to achieving high power density.  
It is important to consider the impact of adding input and output  
capacitance to a Sine Amplitude Converter on the system as a  
whole. Both the capacitance value and the effective impedance of  
the capacitor must be considered.  
A Sine Amplitude Converter has a DC ROUT value which has  
already been discussed in Page 12. The AC ROUT of the  
SAC contains several terms:  
This paradigm shift requires system design to carefully evaluate  
external filters in order to:  
nꢀResonant tank impedance  
nꢀInput lead inductance and internal capacitance  
nꢀOutput lead inductance and internal capacitance  
1. Guarantee low source impedance:  
To take full advantage of the VTM module dynamic  
response, the impedance presented to its input terminals  
must be low from DC to approximately 5MHz. Input  
capacitance may be added to improve transient  
The values of these terms are shown in the behavioral model in  
Page 12. It is important to note on which side of the transformer  
these impedances appear and how they reflect across the  
transformer given the K factor.  
performance or compensate for high source impedance.  
2. Further reduce input and/or output voltage ripple  
The overall AC impedance varies from model to model. For most  
models it is dominated by DC Rout value from DC to beyond  
500KHz. The behavioral model in Page 13 should be used to  
approximate the AC impedance of the specific model.  
without sacrificing dynamic response:  
Given the wide bandwidth of the VTM module, the source  
response is generally the limiting factor in the overall  
system response. Anomalies in the response of the source  
will appear at the output of the VTM module multiplied  
by its K factor.  
Any capacitors placed at the output of the VTM module reflect  
back to the input of the module by the square of the K factor  
(Eq. 9) with the impedance of the module appearing in series.  
It is very important to keep this in mind when using a PRM™  
regulator to power the VTM module. Most PRM modules have a  
limit on the maximum amount of capacitance that can be applied  
to the output. This capacitance includes both the PRM output  
capacitance and the VTM module output capacitance reflected  
back to the input. In PRM module remote sense applications, it is  
important to consider the reflected value of VTM module output  
capacitance when designing and compensating the PRM module  
control loop.  
3. Protect the module from overvoltage transients  
imposed by the system that would exceed maximum  
ratings and cause failures:  
The VI Chip® module input/output voltage ranges must  
not be exceeded. An internal overvoltage lockout function  
prevents operation outside of the normal operating input  
range. Even during this condition, the powertrain is  
exposed to the applied voltage and power MOSFETs must  
withstand it.  
Capacitance placed at the input of the VTM module appear to  
the load reflected by the K factor with the impedance of the VTM  
module in series. In step-down ratios, the effective capacitance  
is increased by the K factor. The effective ESR of the capacitor is  
decreased by the square of the K factor, but the impedance of the  
module appears in series. Still, in most step-down VTM modules  
an electrolytic capacitor placed at the input of the module will  
have a lower effective impedance compared to an electrolytic  
capacitor placed at the output. This is important to consider when  
placing capacitors at the output of the module. Even though the  
capacitor may be placed at the output, the majority of the AC  
current will be sourced from the lower impedance, which in most  
cases will be the module. This should be studied carefully in any  
system design using a module. In most cases, it should be clear  
that electrolytic output capacitors are not necessary to design a  
stable, well-bypassed system.  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 14 of 19  
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Current Sharing  
Reverse Operation  
The VTM48EF096T025A00 is capable of reverse operation.  
If a voltage is present at the output which satisfies the condition  
VOUT > VIN • K at the time the VC voltage is applied, or after the  
unit has started, then energy will be transferred from secondary  
to primary. The input to output ratio will be maintained. The  
VTM48EF096T025A00 will continue to operate in reverse as  
long as the input and output are within the specified limits. The  
VTM48EF096T025A00 has not been qualified for continuous  
operation (>10ms) in the reverse direction.  
The SAC topology bases its performance on efficient transfer  
of energy through a transformer without the need of closed  
loop control. For this reason, the transfer characteristic can be  
approximated by an ideal transformer with some resistive drop  
and positive temperature coefficient.  
This type of characteristic is close to the impedance characteristic  
of a DC power distribution system, both in behavior (AC dynamic)  
and absolute value (DC dynamic).  
When connected in an array with the same K factor, the VTM  
module will inherently share the load current (typically 5%) with  
parallel units according to the equivalent impedance divider  
that the system implements from the power source to the  
point of load.  
Some general recommendations to achieve matched  
array impedances:  
nꢀDedicate common copper planes within the PCB  
to deliver and return the current to the modules.  
nꢀProvide the PCB layout as symmetric as possible.  
nꢀApply same input / output filters (if present) to each unit.  
For further details see AN:016 Using BCM® Bus Converters  
in High Power Arrays.  
ZIN_EQ1  
ZOUT_EQ1  
VTM™  
RO_1  
1
VIN  
VOUT  
ZIN_EQ2  
ZOUT_EQ2  
VTM™  
RO_2  
2
+
–
Load  
DC  
ZIN_EQn  
ZOUT_EQn  
VTM™  
RO_n  
n
Figure 20 — VTM module array  
Fuse Selection  
In order to provide flexibility in configuring power systems  
VI Chip® products are not internally fused. Input line fusing  
of VI Chip products is recommended at system level to provide  
thermal protection in case of catastrophic failure.  
The fuse shall be selected by closely matching system  
requirements with the following characteristics:  
nꢀCurrent rating  
(usually greater than maximum current of VTM module)  
nꢀMaximum voltage rating  
(usually greater than the maximum possible input voltage)  
nꢀAmbient temperature  
nꢀNominal melting I2t  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 15 of 19  
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J-Lead Package Mechanical Drawing  
mm  
(inch)  
NOTES:  
mm  
2. DIMENSIONS ARE  
.
inch  
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE:  
3. .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005]  
4
. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE  
DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com  
J-Lead Package Recommended Land Pattern  
3. .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005]  
4. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE  
mm  
2. DIMENSIONS ARE  
.
inch  
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE:  
DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 16 of 19  
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Through Hole Package Mechanical Drawing  
mm  
(inch)  
NOTES:  
mm  
2. DIMENSIONS ARE  
.
inch  
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE:  
3. .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005]  
4
. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE  
DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com  
Through Hole Package Recommended Land Pattern  
3. .X / [.XX] = +/-0.25 / [.01]; .XX / [.XXX] = +/-0.13 / [.005]  
4. PRODUCT MARKING ON TOP SURFACE  
mm  
2. DIMENSIONS ARE  
.
inch  
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, TOLERANCES ARE:  
DXF and PDF files are available on vicorpower.com  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 17 of 19  
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Recommended Heat Sink Push Pin Location  
(NO GROUNDING CLIPS)  
(WITH GROUNDING CLIPS)  
Notes:  
5. Unless otherwise specified:  
Dimensions are mm (inches)  
tolerances are:  
1. Maintain 3.50 (0.138) Dia. keep-out zone  
free of copper, all PCB layers.  
2. (A) Minimum recommended pitch is 39.50 (1.555).  
This provides 7.00 (0.275) component  
edge-to-edge spacing, and 0.50 (0.020)  
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.  
(B) Minimum recommended pitch is 41.00 (1.614).  
This provides 8.50 (0.334) component  
edge-to-edge spacing, and 2.00 (0.079)  
clearance between Vicor heat sinks.  
3. VI Chip® module land pattern shown for reference  
only; actual land pattern may differ.  
Dimensions from edges of land pattern  
to push–pin holes will be the same for  
all full-size VI Chip® products.  
x.x (x.xx) = 0.3 (0.01)  
x.xx (x.xxx) = 0.13 (0.005)  
4. RoHS compliant per CST–0001 latest revision.  
6. Plated through holes for grounding clips (33855)  
shown for reference, heat sink orientation and  
device pitch will dictate final grounding solution.  
VTM Module Pin Configuration  
4
3
2
1
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
E
Signal Name  
Pin Number  
A1-E1, A2-E2  
+Out  
-Out  
+In  
+IN  
–IN  
E
F
L1-T1, L2-T2  
G
H
TM  
VC  
PC  
H
J
TM  
H1, H2  
J
K
L
K
VC  
J1, J2  
+Out  
-Out  
L
M
N
P
R
T
M
PC  
K1, K2  
N
P
R
T
-In  
+OUT  
–OUT  
A3-D3, A4-D4, J3-M3, J4-M4  
E3-H3, E4-H4, N3-T3, N4-T4  
Bottom View  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 18 of 19  
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Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and ac-  
cessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom power  
systems.  
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no  
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make  
changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and  
is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls  
are used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of  
all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.  
Specifications are subject to change without notice.  
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Intellectual Property Notice  
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the  
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is  
granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor’s Intellectual Property Department.  
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:  
5,945,130; 6,403,009; 6,710,257; 6,911,848; 6,930,893; 6,934,166; 6,940,013; 6,969,909; 7,038,917; 7,145,186; 7,166,898; 7,187,263;  
7,202,646; 7,361,844; D496,906; D505,114; D506,438; D509,472; and for use under 6,975,098 and 6,984,965.  
Vicor Corporation  
25 Frontage Road  
Andover, MA, USA 01810  
Tel: 800-735-6200  
Fax: 978-475-6715  
email  
Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com  
Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com  
VTM™ Current Mulitplier  
Page 19 of 19  
Rev 1.3  
09/2016  
vicorpower.com  
800 927.9474  
厂商 型号 描述 页数 下载

MACOM

 		VTM-1 规格等级，接通延时时序模块[ Specification Grade, On-Delay Timing Module ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6096R1 12 W ， CW螺旋TWT系列[ 12 W, CW Helix TWT Series ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6113R1 60至80瓦， CW迷你螺旋TWT[ 60 to 80 W, CW Mini Helix TWT ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6113R2 60至80瓦， CW迷你螺旋TWT[ 60 to 80 W, CW Mini Helix TWT ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6113R2D 60至80瓦， CW迷你螺旋TWT[ 60 to 80 W, CW Mini Helix TWT ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6195R1 28 W， CW螺旋TWT系列[ 28 W, CW Helix TWT Series ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6196R1 20 W， CW螺旋TWT系列[ 20 W, CW Helix TWT Series ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6292F8 200瓦螺旋TWT系列[ 200 W Helix TWT Series ] 1 页

CPI

 		VTM-6292M4 250W的螺旋TWT系列[ 250 W Helix TWT Series ] 1 页

TE

 		VTM1 接通延时时序模块[ On-Delay Timing Module ] 1 页

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